Exclusion or Deflection Booming  (see Inland Response Tactics Manual, p. 3)

• Boom can be used to exclude or deflect the spill away from sensitive resources.
• Effectiveness is increased by positioning boom at appropriate angles for the current speed.

Natural Attenuation  (see Inland Response Tactics Manual, p. 32 and Submerged Oil Recovery Tactics, p. 36)

• Least impact for small to moderate spills and lighter oils; avoids damage often associated with cleanup activities.
• Some cleanup may be warranted where large numbers of wildlife are likely to become oiled during wetland use.
• Seeding or planting may be used to assist in oil degradation.

Sorbents  (see Inland Response Tactics Manual, p. 22)

• Care is necessary during placement and recovery to minimize disturbance of substrate and vegetation
• Overuse generates excess waste.
• Forcing contact between pads and the oiled soil drives the oil deeper into the soil.
• Appropriate approval required for chemical additives to sorbents.

Flooding  (see Inland Response Tactics Manual, p. 15)

• Erosion of substrate and vegetation may occur.
• Can be used selectively to remove localized heavy oiling.
• Local topography may limit the ability to control where the water and released oil flow and effectiveness of recovery.
• Boom or other methods of trapping and containment are used to collect the oil for removal.
• Effectiveness increases with lighter oils.

Low-Pressure, Ambient-Water Flushing  (see Inland Response Tactics Manual, p. 15)

• If water pressures are too high, the substrate and vegetation may be disturbed.
• Effectiveness increases with lighter oils.

Solidifiers  (see Inland Response Tactics Manual, p. 30)

• Use likely to increase adherence to vegetation and slow weathering/removal rates of residual oil.
• Most effective on lighter oils, which have low viscosity and allow the product to mix into the oil.
• Appropriate approval required.

In-Situ Burning  (see Inland Response Tactics Manual, p. 27)

• May be one of the least physically damaging means of heavy oil removal.
• Presence of a water layer on marsh surface can protect roots.
• Time of year (vegetation growth stage) is important consideration.
• Heavy ends will remain unburned and will need to be recovered.
• Requires RRT approval and a state air permit.

Vacuum  (see Inland Response Tactics Manual, p. 17 and Submerged Oil Recovery Tactics, p. 27)

• Can be effective in removal of pooled oil from the marsh surface.
• Trampling of vegetation and substrate can be limited by placing boards on the surface and limiting traffic.

Debris/Vegetation Removal  (see Inland Response Tactics Manual, p. 26 and Submerged Oil Recovery Tactics, p. 5)

• The removal of heavily oiled and mobile debris may reduce the tracking of oil off-site and contamination of wildlife
• May be required in areas used by wildlife. Grass plants are damaged by oil at the root structure, removal of stained or oiled vegetation is to protect users of the habitat.
• Most appropriate for oils that form a thick, sticky coating on the vegetation, such as medium and heavy oils.
• Recovery of the vegetation due to both oil impact and physical destruction by cleanup crews may be reduced by avoiding excessive cutting/removal, controlling access routes, using boards placed on surface, or conducting operations from boats.

Hand Tool Oil Removal/Cleaning  (see Inland Response Tactics Manual, p. 32)

• Used where persistent oil occurs in heavy amounts and where sensitive resources using the wetlands are likely to be oiled.
• Mixing of oil and trampling of vegetation may be reduced by controlling access routes, using boards placed on surface, or conducting operations from boats.
• This includes removal of surface soil contamination not gross digging.

Light Equipment Oil Removal  (see Inland Response Tactics Manual, p. 32)

• Use equipment such as swamp buggies or light equipment on pontoons.
• Damage to vegetation and substrate may be reduced by controlling access routes, using pontoons or mats, or using a helicopter to bring in equipment.

Sediment Removal  (see Inland Response Tactics Manual, p. 26)

• Vacuum/dredge sediments and dewater using geotube/settling tank. Treat the water and dispose of sediment.
• Excavate the sediment. Dewater the area before excavation.
• The hydrology may change and it may be difficult to restore the plant community that existed prior to the spill incident.
• Permits will be required for sediment removal and for water discharge.
• May be difficult to keep excavation dewatered.